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Digital heritage portal interfaces are generally similar to digital library and search engine interfaces in displaying search results as a list of brief metadata records. The knowledge organization and search result display of these systems are item-centric, with little support for identifying relationships between items. This paper proposes a knowledge graph system and visualization interface as a promising solution for digital heritage systems to support users in browsing related items, understanding the relationships between items, and synthesizing a narrative on an issue. The paper discusses design issues for the knowledge graph, graph database, and graph visualization, and offers recommendations based on the authors' experience in developing three knowledge graph systems for archive and digital humanities resources: the Zubir Said personal archive collection at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, Singapore; Singapore Pioneers social network; and Polyglot Medicine knowledge graph of Asian traditional and herbal medicine. Lessons learned from a small user study are incorporated in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both navigation abilities and gait can be affected by the atrophy in the medial temporal cortex. This study aimed to determine whether navigation abilities could differentiate seniors with and without medial temporal lobe atrophy who complained about their cognitive status. The participants, classified to either the medial temporal atrophy group (n = 23) or the control group (n = 22) underwent neuropsychological assessment and performed a spatial navigation task while their gait parameters were recorded. The study showed no significant differences between the two groups in memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge or typical measures of navigating abilities. However, gait parameters, particularly the propulsion index during certain phases of the navigation task, distinguished between seniors with and without medial temporal lobe lesions. These findings suggest that the gait parameters in the navigation task may be a valuable tool for identifying seniors with cognitive complaints and subtle medial temporal atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how the William G. Squires Library conducted a usability study on their LibGuides to identify student design preferences. The results of the study support previous research concerning best practices for LibGuide creation. This paper offers insight into how librarian-centric design hinders student success and provides suggestions for how to best develop a student-centric template design that offers consistency and increased user proficiency across all guides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pickleball offers sociopsychological and physical activity benefits for older adults but lacks racial diversity. The purpose of this study was to identify constraints to pickleball participation with Black older adults (65+ years) as well as examine differences based on physical activity and sex. A Qualtrics panel included Black older adults (N = 292) who have heard of pickleball and are physically able to play but have not played. Results found Knowledge, Accessibility, Interpersonal, and Interest were the most salient constraints overall. Multivariate analysis of variance found that those who report low physical activity had significantly higher Interpersonal, Psychological, Costs, and Perceived Racism constraints. Additionally, females report significantly higher Knowledge, Psychological, and Cost constraints compared to males. The results further the theoretical application of constraints to physical activity research and provide insights into practitioner implications to grow the sport of pickleball for Black older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT (Chat generative pretrained transformer), a large language model, in calculating sample size for sport-sciences and sports-medicine research studies. Methods: We conducted an analysis on 4 published papers (ie, examples 1–4) encompassing various study designs and approaches for calculating sample size in 3 sport-science and -medicine journals, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 1 survey paper. We provided ChatGPT with all necessary data such as mean, percentage SD, normal deviates (Zα/2 and Z1−β), and study design. Prompting from 1 example has subsequently been reused to gain insights into the reproducibility of the ChatGPT response. Results: ChatGPT correctly calculated the sample size for 1 randomized controlled trial but failed in the remaining 3 examples, including the incorrect identification of the formula in one example of a survey paper. After interaction with ChatGPT, the correct sample size was obtained for the survey paper. Intriguingly, when the prompt from Example 3 was reused, ChatGPT provided a completely different sample size than its initial response. Conclusions: While the use of artificial-intelligence tools holds great promise, it should be noted that it might lead to errors and inconsistencies in sample-size calculations even when the tool is fed with the necessary correct information. As artificial-intelligence technology continues to advance and learn from human feedback, there is hope for improvement in sample-size calculation and other research tasks. However, it is important for scientists to exercise caution in utilizing these tools. Future studies should assess more advanced/powerful versions of this tool (ie, ChatGPT4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To gain knowledge on the beliefs and practices of football practitioners applying high-speed and sprint running exposure programming strategies. Methods: One hundred two football practitioners from 22 different countries participated in a study consisting of a survey including 5 domains: demographic and professional characteristics (Who); importance of high-speed and sprint running exposure for physical-capability development, preparation for competition, and injury-prevention strategies (Why); exposure timing (When); methodological procedures for exposure monitoring and training scheduling (What); and effectiveness of common training practices (How). Data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistics, generalized mixed effects, and multinomial logistic regression models. Results: Data revealed 5 main findings: (1) overall agreement on the importance of exposure for physical-capability development, preparation for competition, and injury-prevention strategies; (2) different exposure timing and selective training scheduling for starting and nonstarting players across typical and congested weeks; (3) lack of consensus on the conceptual constructs defining high-speed and sprint running metrics and the methodological procedures used for monitoring; (4) a probable association between match-related outcomes and exposure strategies used in training; and (5) a broad range of training methods considered effective to elicit exposure. Conclusions: This study provides actionable insights into the planning, implementing, and monitoring strategies for high-speed and sprint running exposure in football. While some conform with the evidence on high-speed and sprint running training in football, further research and professional debate are warranted to develop empirical knowledge and provide pragmatic recommendations to help practitioners in adopting evidence-informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay brings forward the idea that there is more than meets the eye in local knowledge systems than what science can show us now. To comprehend this, we need to make a conceptual jump and look for the "dark matter" (the notion borrowed from astronomy that refers to a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or electromagnetic fields) that can potentially sustain local knowledge. Considering that it is a complex of knowledge, practices, and beliefs contained in TEK, knowledge in LEK does not correspond to the notion of knowledge in science. Therefore, in order to map LEK–science interactions, we will refer to the concept of peoples' knowledge of LEK as acknowledgement and the scientific recognition and awareness of information, facts, and principles as knowledge. Applying this to a Johari Window, we can observe four categories of LEK in a known–unknown/acknowledged–unacknowledged matrix. We can refer to unknown and unacknowledged as dark local knowledge. Indeed, local knowledge systems contain many aspects that modern science cannot yet explain, as a major part of its components are not even considered in scholarly research. Dark local knowledge can potentially provide us with the invaluable touch of experience of countless generations, opening different ways of seeing reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Investigate the influence of organizational intelligence on the development of soft skills and the overall thriving of nurses at Alexandria Main University Hospital in Egypt. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design following STROBE guidelines examined the relationship between organizational intelligence, soft skills, and nurses' thriving. Methods and tools: Data were collected from 740 nurses working across critical care units using structured questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed organizational intelligence, soft skills, and thriving at work. Sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, education, and nursing experience, were also collected. Statistical analyses were used to analyze the data, including ANOVA, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression. Results: The findings revealed nurses' positive perceptions of organizational culture and documentation skills. However, areas such as measures and rewards and staff relations and communication indicated opportunities for improvement. Nurses reported high vitality levels but needed more learning opportunities at work. Significant correlations were found between demographic variables, organizational intelligence, soft skills, and thriving. Organizational intelligence demonstrated a robust positive relationship with both soft skills and thriving. Age, gender, education, and experience significantly influenced nurses' soft skills and thriving. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of organizational intelligence in enhancing nurses' professional capabilities and well-being. Addressing demographic factors and fostering a supportive work environment is crucial for optimizing nursing practice and organizational effectiveness. Nursing implications: Insights from this study can inform targeted interventions and policy decisions to enhance nursing practice, organizational development, and healthcare outcomes in Egypt. Fostering organizational intelligence and soft skills among nurses can improve patient care, increase job satisfaction, and overall organizational success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Appearance focused self‐concept (i.e., overvaluing the importance of appearance for self‐definition and self‐worth) is theorized to predict dietary restraint and binge eating in the short‐term (e.g., daily life). Yet, no research has examined whether appearance focused self‐concept increases within‐persons during a day and if such increases are linked to greater dietary restraint and binge eating for that day. We addressed this gap in knowledge. Method: Sixty‐three female university students completed four items from the Beliefs About Appearance Scale as a measure of appearance focused self‐concept six times per day (9 am, 11 am, 1 pm, 3 pm, 5 pm, and 7 pm) for 14 days. Daily at 9 pm, they completed measures of dietary restraint and binge eating for that day. Results: Analyzing data from 555 days, latent growth curve analyses revealed a small‐to‐moderate linear increase in appearance focused self‐concept from 9 am to 3 pm that plateaued from 3 to 7 pm. A more rapid linear increase in appearance focused self‐concept from 9 am to 3 pm was associated with greater binge‐eating frequency during that day, but not with dietary restraint. The findings were observed when adjusting for between‐day appearance focused self‐concept at 9 am, which was positively associated with dietary restraint and binge‐eating frequency. Discussion: Findings are discussed in relation to research on appearance focused self‐concept as a risk factor for disordered eating. Findings are also discussed in relation to how sociocultural factors may increase appearance focused self‐concept over time. Future research should delve into the within‐day dynamic interplay between appearance focused self‐concept and disordered eating. Public significance: Our study revealed a noteworthy increase in the importance women attach to their appearance over the course of a day, correlating with increased binge eating during that day. Additionally, heightened appearance importance at the onset of a day was associated with more dietary restraint and binge eating during that day. These findings suggest a shorter timescale for the connection between appearance importance and disordered eating than previously understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Providing preferred leisure activities appears to be an important approach to support and empower people receiving adult day services (ADS) allowing them to age in place. To provide the conceptualization for a preference instrument, we actively involved people receiving ADS in exploring the content and structure of their preferences for leisure activities. Research Design and Methods We chose a concept mapping methodology and involved 16 people receiving ADS. We systematically reviewed the literature and conducted semistructured interviews to generate a set of 80 preferences. Analysis of structuring these preferences resulted in a 3-dimensional cube with 12 clusters. A graphical representation was then interpreted , and the clusters were labeled. Results Our conceptualization divides preferences for leisure activities into the following: 1. Take a trip , 2. Revel in memories and catch up on the news (most important), 3. Do something for yourself and come to rest , 4. Play intelligence and parlor games , 5. Make/produce and try something alone or in a group , 6. Keep fit and cheer others on in sports (least important), 7. Learn, educate, and share knowledge , 8. Have contact with other people , 9. Attend at entertainment, cultural, and amusement events , 10. Enjoy music, your homeland, or other countries , 11. Engage in outdoor activities , and 12. Get involved, offer support, and provide companionship. Discussion and Implications Our results may lead to the development of instruments and thus opens the field for further research and theory building on preferences for leisure activities of people receiving ADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Social sustainability becomes increasingly important in aging populations. Yet, scientific discussions on this topic are still emerging. This study helps to develop these discussions by exploring (1) how social sustainability is understood in studies on aging populations, (2) how this understanding differs across the topics discussed, and (3) how population aging is connected to social sustainability. Research Design and Methods This study conducts a systematic literature review using 33 texts obtained from ProQuest, JStor, and scholar.google.com (02–03/2022). The inclusion criteria were (1) scientific character and (2) explicit focus on the topics of interest. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results The texts use 3 different understandings of social sustainability: one focusing on what makes societies desirable, one focusing on the quality of life of individuals, and one balancing the interests of current and future generations. The first understanding is most prevalent. Which understanding texts choose depends on their topic, perspective, and goals. The texts describe challenges and opportunities for social sustainability in aging populations, with some recommending a general shift in perspective. Discussion and Implications Findings provide a clearer and more homogenous understanding of social sustainability for discussions on population aging. Thereby, they facilitate a dialogue between researchers working in this area. Moreover, they help gerontologists increase their contribution to cumulative knowledge building. A limitation is that only texts in English are analyzed. Findings help policymakers and practitioners better understand how to integrate research-based knowledge on social sustainability in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the experiences of frontline professionals in Kazakhstan. Although studies of frontline workers have been conducted worldwide, it is imperative that caution should be exercised when extrapolating findings from disparate societies and generalizing them to Central Asian countries. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore and describe the firsthand experiences, perceptions, and knowledge gained from the experience of Kazakh frontline physicians and nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study was conducted over the course of a year in COVID-19 hospitals in Kazakhstan, with physicians (n = 23) and nurses (n = 7). Each participant was interviewed three times between May 2021 and May 2022. Braun and Clarke's six-step method was used for the thematic analysis. Three overarching themes and subthemes were identified: (1) Longitudinal Journey ("Nobody knew, nobody understood, nobody was ready"; "It's just life"); (2) Facets of Professionalism ("In my lifetime this is something unique"; "Who else if not us"; "We survived the war and the enemy"); and (3) Facets of Resilience ("God's providence"; "A good word heals too"). In light of the lack of research that has previously been conducted in Kazakhstan, the results of this study offer important new insight into the experiences of medical professionals during the COVID-19 epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Informed consent is essential for any surgery. The use of digital education platforms (DEPs) can enhance patient understanding of the consent discussion and is a method to standardize the consent process in elective, ambulatory settings. The use of DEP as an adjunct to standard verbal consent (SVC) has not been studied in an acute care setting. Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized control trial with patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with acute biliary pathology requiring a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) between August 2021 and April 2023. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either a DEP module with SVC or SVC alone. Baseline procedure-specific knowledge and self-reported understanding of risks and benefits of LC were collected using a questionnaire. Primary outcome was immediate post-intervention knowledge assessed using a 21-question multiple choice questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were delayed procedure-specific knowledge and participants' satisfaction with the consent discussion. Results: We recruited 79 participants and randomized them 1:1 into the intervention group (DEP + SVC, n = 40) and the control group (SVC, n = 39). Baseline demographics and baseline procedure-specific knowledge were similar between groups. The immediate post-intervention knowledge was significantly higher for participants in the intervention versus the control group with a Cohen's d effect size of 0.68 (85.2(10.6)% vs. 78.2(9.9)%; p = 0.004). Similarly, self-reported understanding of risks and benefits of LC was significantly greater for participants in the intervention versus the control group with a Cohen's effect size of 0.76 (68.5(16.4)% vs. 55.1(18.8)%; p = 0.001). For participants who completed the delayed post-intervention assessment (n = 29), there continued to be significantly higher retention of acquired knowledge in the intervention group with a Cohen's effect size of 0.61 (86.5(8.5)% vs. 79.8 (13.1)%; p = 0.024). There was no difference in participants' self-reported satisfaction with the consent discussion between groups (69.5(6.7)% vs. 67.2(7.7)%; p = 0.149). Conclusion: The addition of digital education platform to standard verbal consent significantly improves patient's early and delayed understanding of risks and benefits of LC in an acute care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is a contrast-enhanced X-ray acquired during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. IOC images the biliary tree whereby filling defects, anatomical anomalies and duct injuries can be identified. In Australia, IOC are performed in over 81% of cholecystectomies compared with 20 to 30% internationally (Welfare AIoHa in Australian Atlas of Healthcare Variation, 2017). In this study, we aim to train artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to interpret anatomy and recognise abnormalities in IOC images. This has potential utility in (a) intraoperative safety mechanisms to limit the risk of missed ductal injury or stone, (b) surgical training and coaching, and (c) auditing of cholangiogram quality. Methodology: Semantic segmentation masks were applied to a dataset of 1000 cholangiograms with 10 classes. Classes corresponded to anatomy, filling defects and the cholangiogram catheter instrument. Segmentation masks were applied by a surgical trainee and reviewed by a radiologist. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), DeeplabV3+ and U-Net, were trained and validated using 900 (90%) labelled frames. Testing was conducted on 100 (10%) hold-out frames. CNN generated segmentation class masks were compared with ground truth segmentation masks to evaluate performance according to a pixel-wise comparison. Results: The trained CNNs recognised all classes.. U-Net and DeeplabV3+ achieved a mean F1 of 0.64 and 0.70 respectively in class segmentation, excluding the background class. The presence of individual classes was correctly recognised in over 80% of cases. Given the limited local dataset, these results provide proof of concept in the development of an accurate and clinically useful tool to aid in the interpretation and quality control of intraoperative cholangiograms. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that a CNN can be trained to identify anatomical structures in IOC images. Future performance can be improved with the use of larger, more diverse training datasets. Implementation of this technology may provide cholangiogram quality control and improve intraoperative detection of ductal injuries or ductal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We studied the role of gender in metacognition of voice emotion recognition ability (ERA), reflected by self-rated confidence (SRC). To this end, we guided our study in two approaches: first, by examining the role of gender in voice ERA and SRC independently and second, by looking for gender effects on the ERA association with SRC. Method: We asked 100 participants (50 men, 50 women) to interpret a set of vocal expressions portrayed by 30 actors (16 men, 14 women) as defined by their emotional meaning. Targets were 180 repetitive lexical sentences articulated in congruent emotional voices (anger, sadness, surprise, happiness, fear) and neutral expressions. Trial by trial, the participants were assigned retrospective SRC based on their emotional recognition performance. Results: A binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) estimating ERA accuracy revealed a significant gender effect, with women encoders (speakers) yielding higher accuracy levels than men. There was no significant effect of the decoder’s (listener’s) gender. A second GLMM estimating SRC found a significant effect of encoder and decoder genders, with women outperforming men. Gamma correlations were significantly greater than zero for women and men decoders. Conclusions: In spite of varying interpretations of gender in each independent rating (ERA and SRC), our results suggest that both men and women decoders were accurate in their metacognition regarding voice emotion recognition. Further research is needed to study how individuals of both genders use metacognitive knowledge in their emotional recognition and whether and how such knowledge contributes to effective social communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify kindergarteners at risk for language and reading disorders and to determine predictors. A representative sample of 311 kindergarteners in general education classrooms in the U.S. Midwest were assessed with the Well Screening in fall, winter, and spring. Groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on measures of memory, phonological awareness, retrieval speed, social communication, and letter knowledge. Children at risk for reading disorders performed most poorly on phonological awareness, whereas children at risk for language disorders struggled most with social communication. Retrieval speed alone was not a reliable predictor of reading risk in kindergarten. High performers scored best on working memory. The high-performing reading group outscored the high-performing language group on letter knowledge. Phonological awareness distinguished the high-performing reading group but not the high-performing language group from their non-high-performing classmates. Early identification of these relevant subgroups allows for early targeted interventions and monitoring of growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes findings of a transdisciplinary scoping literature review process that acknowledges assistive technology-users' contributions to disability arts by clarifying the key concepts of 'voice', 'communication technology', 'disability', and 'art'. Driven by the early stages of a participatory research project involving young disabled artists, the literature search was carried out between April 2019 and August 2019. The studies selected for this review (n = 14) were analyzed through a thematic narrative approach, which revealed seven overlapping themes that reflect the inseparability and transdisciplinarity of the key concepts. Later consultation with young disabled artists based on this literature review prompted changes in our research process. We conclude that nuanced research related to voice, communication technology, disability, and art is better situated in the radical expression of artists themselves, rather than in formalized research labs and codified studies such as that which housed this inquiry. Persons who use assistive technology contribute to disability arts and arts-related research but are underrepresented in literature about these topics This article synthesizes the findings of 14 research articles on the overlapping concepts of 'voice', 'communication technology', 'disability', and 'art' This article considers the six main steps of a scoping literature review, and argues that the final step of community consultation is most significant This synthesis of academic literature shows that people who communicate in many ways make significant contributions to disability arts, and the greatest predictors of knowledge in this area are found in the expressions of artists themselves—even more so than might be documented in academic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: There is limited literature of the usage of Theatre of the Oppressed within Social work practice. In this study, a group of youth offenders (n = 9) and three social workers known to a Social Service Agency participated in a 9-week Theatre of the Oppressed workshop, consisting of activities aimed to raise critical consciousness. The workshop eventually culminated in a Forum Theatre performance, put up to an invited audience (n = 17). Data was collected throughout the workshop and performance and analyzed using an arts-based method. A focus group discussion was also held with the youths and the social workers separately at the end of the program. Findings: Data revealed that the Theatre of the Oppressed games and activities built solidarity among the youths, although the cultural subgroups of the youths played a part. There was also a general increase of awareness and understanding of power and privilege, and an ownership of the issues that they were experiencing. While the youths felt empowered by the process of designing the script and sharing their stories, the actual medium of performing in front of a group and the power differential with the audience members was seen to have created a negative experience for them. Applications: This study provides an idea of the impacts of Theatre of the Oppressed within group work settings, for marginalized youth offenders. Through the carefully curated activities, social workers may be able to tap on Boal's techniques as a way to build rapport, raise critical consciousness, and empower these youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bard by Google, a direct competitor to ChatGPT, was recently released. Understanding the relative performance of these different chatbots can provide important insight into their strengths and weaknesses as well as which roles they are most suited to fill. In this project, we aimed to compare the most recent version of ChatGPT, ChatGPT-4, and Bard by Google, in their ability to accurately respond to radiology board examination practice questions. Methods: Text-based questions were collected from the 2017-2021 American College of Radiology's Diagnostic Radiology In-Training (DXIT) examinations. ChatGPT-4 and Bard were queried, and their comparative accuracies, response lengths, and response times were documented. Subspecialty-specific performance was analyzed as well. Results: 318 questions were included in our analysis. ChatGPT answered significantly more accurately than Bard (87.11% vs 70.44%, P <.0001). ChatGPT's response length was significantly shorter than Bard's (935.28 ± 440.88 characters vs 1437.52 ± 415.91 characters, P <.0001). ChatGPT's response time was significantly longer than Bard's (26.79 ± 3.27 seconds vs 7.55 ± 1.88 seconds, P <.0001). ChatGPT performed superiorly to Bard in neuroradiology, (100.00% vs 86.21%, P =.03), general & physics (85.39% vs 68.54%, P <.001), nuclear medicine (80.00% vs 56.67%, P <.01), pediatric radiology (93.75% vs 68.75%, P =.03), and ultrasound (100.00% vs 63.64%, P <.001). In the remaining subspecialties, there were no significant differences between ChatGPT and Bard's performance. Conclusion: ChatGPT displayed superior radiology knowledge compared to Bard. While both chatbots display reasonable radiology knowledge, they should be used with conscious knowledge of their limitations and fallibility. Both chatbots provided incorrect or illogical answer explanations and did not always address the educational content of the question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are tools designed to help operators make effective choices in workplace environments where discernment and critical thinking are required for effective performance. Path planning in military operations and general logistics both require individuals to make complex and time-sensitive decisions. However, these decisions can be complex and involve the synthesis of numerous tradeoffs for various paths with dynamically changing conditions. Intelligence collection can vary in difficulty, specifically in terms of the disparity between locations of interest and timing restrictions for when and how information can be collected. Furthermore, plans may need to be changed adaptively mid-operation, as new collection requirements appear, increasing task difficulty. We tested participants in a path planning decision-making exercise with scenarios of varying difficulty in a series of two experiments. In the first experiment, each map displayed two paths simultaneously, relating to two possible routes for the two available trucks. Participants selected the optimal path plan, representing the best solution across multiple routes. In the second experiment, each map displayed a single path, and participants selected the best two paths sequentially. In the first experiment, utilizing the DSS was predictive of adoption of more heuristic decision strategies, and that strategic approach yielded more optimal route selection. In the second experiment, there was a direct effect of the DSS on increased decision performance and a decrease in perceived task workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Moses Maimonides' account of the AfterDeath and, more specifically, of olam ha-ba' (lit.: the world to come), the state of ultimate human happiness and perfection (in contrast to this world). Maimonides is unequivocal about what olam ha-ba' is not. Contrary to a competing medieval Jewish tradition, it is utterly incorporeal and, contrary to rabbinic tradition, it is not a motivational reward nor compensation for undeserved suffering in a theodicy. Instead, Maimonides gives two positive accounts of the metaphysics of olam ha-ba'. The first is an intellectualist account on which the denizens of olam ha-ba' are perfected intellects engaged in intellectual apprehension of the deity. The second is sceptical: it denies that humans have any understanding or knowledge ('ilm , episteme) of olam ha-ba' and claims that all language used to describe it is purely equivocal or homonymous, although it allows that some immutable thing, whatever it is, survives death. Instead of being a motivational reward or compensation, olam ha-ba' is the end, that is, final cause or telos, of the best possible human life in this world at which one aims and which one attempts to approximate even if one cannot actually realize it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While barriers to participation in physical activity are well documented, there is no consolidated evidence on strategies promoting participation of people with intellectual disability in physical activities. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine initiatives used to facilitate the inclusion of people with intellectual disability in community‐based sporting and recreation activities. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL+ and PsycINFO for articles published in English between 2000 and 2022. Results: Eight articles were included. Initiatives included: (1) building knowledge, awareness and attitudinal change (2) organisational alliances/partnerships (3) relationship‐building (4) modifications/adaptions to activities/environment (5) organisational policy (6) engagement with people with disability. Initiatives were implemented through international collaborations, in local fitness/recreational facilities and public spaces, and targeted athletes, coaches, volunteers and organisational leaders. Conclusion: While some increase in awareness and inclusion of people with intellectual disability was reported, no longitudinal data reported on the impact of initiatives on sustained social inclusion for people with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Static and dynamic balance skills can be related to the activities of daily living (ADL) in children with non‐syndromic intellectual disabilities, and the type of balance skills affecting ADL can differ depending on the domain of ADL (self‐care, mobility, and social function). Methods: The ADL capabilities of 66 children with intellectual disabilities were assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and were examined in relation to static and dynamic balance skills. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between the one‐leg standing and PEDI (r =.841 for self‐care, r =.700 for mobility, and r =.760 for social function). Our analysis showed that static balance skills affected self‐care, dynamic balance skills affected mobility, and intelligence quotient affected social function. Conclusions: Improving balance skills is important for enhancing ADL capabilities, and the type of balance skills that need enhancement vary based on the domain of ADL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study addresses the sexuality of people with moderate intellectual disabilities (PMID), a topic that has been little studied. Understanding romantic and sexual experiences is highly relevant for reducing stigma and prejudice related to their sexuality. Additionally, comprehending the level of sexual knowledge of PMID contributes to the development of preventive and sexual health education programmes tailored for this group. Our aim is to explore the sexual history (relationships, sexual behaviour, condom use and sexual abuse), sex education received and the level of sexual knowledge of PMID. Method: The total of 142 PMID completed questionnaires about sexual knowledge and experiences, and their support staff provided additional information. Data were analysed using chi‐square test (χ2) and descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Masturbation was the most common sexual behaviour (75.7%), especially among men (χ2 = 5.81, P < 0.05). Sexual intercourse was rare, and only 30.5% reported using condoms. Women reported a higher prevalence of self‐reported sexual abuse (27.3% vs. 6% in men). The study also highlighted misconceptions about sexual intercourse risks and contraceptive methods. Conclusion: The results suggest that PMID need sexual education to ensure healthy sexual experiences and prevent risky behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work suggests that the stereotype associating brilliance with men may underpin women's underrepresentation in prestigious careers, yet little is known about its development and consequences in non‐Western contexts. The present research examined the onset of this stereotype and its relation to children's motivation in 5‐ to 7‐year‐old Korean children (N = 272, 50% girls, tested 2021 to 2022). At age 7, children attributed brilliance to men when evaluating Asians and Whites, and girls became less interested in participating in intellectually challenging tasks than boys. Notably, this gender difference in interest was mediated by children's endorsement of the stereotype. The generalizable early emergence of the gender brilliance stereotype and its detrimental implications press the need to tackle gender imbalance in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge for juvenile correctional facilities (JCF) is providing literacy instruction to a transitory student population with a wide range of literacy abilities. The purpose of this study was to identify unique literacy profiles of students in long-term JCF taking into consideration their reading abilities, language abilities, intelligence quotient (IQ), disability classification, age, and grade level. Using latent profile analyses with a sample of 370 in the southeastern United States, we identified three distinct classes. Three ability groups of students (average literacy abilities, below-average literacy abilities, substantially below-average literacy abilities) were identified. Thirty-six percent performed at the average level, 55% performed below grade level; and 8% had substantial literacy deficits with an overrepresentation of students with emotional disturbance (ED) and specific learning disability (SLD). Findings provide the foundation for an evidence-based multi-tiered system of supports literacy framework within JCF. Instructional implications concerning the provision of English Language Arts in JCF are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers new insights into the important role that transdisciplinary, participatory action research approaches offer young people as a safe space to 'act' on climate change and environmental degradation. Drawing upon methodological meta‐reflections on three separate, but interlinked, projects (two UK‐based, one in Vietnam), we highlight an evolving approach that fuses knowledge, local context and emotional connection to engage action. We argue that these innovative approaches facilitate the empowerment of young people to co‐create and lead solutions, adaptations and mitigations that can make a significant impact on the climate and biodiversity crises whilst influencing policymakers and inspiring collaborative change‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While uniprofessional education programs develop strong student identities, they may limit the development of behaviors needed for interprofessional socialization. Interprofessional education (IPE) creates an essential platform for student engagement in the development of interprofessional socialization and cultural humility, thus enabling improvement in collaborative communication. In this quasi-experimental observational study, health professional students attended one of three Grand Rounds Interprofessional Workshops (GRIW) and completed online pre- and post-workshop surveys including sociodemographic background, the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS), and the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist (CCSAC). A total of 394 students from eight professions participated in the workshop with 287 (73%) of attendees completing both pre- and post-workshop surveys. No significant differences were observed in ISVS and CCSAC scores between students across workshops. Significant pre- to post-workshop differences were found in ISVS [t (284) = 13.5, p <.001, 95%], CCSAC [t (286) = 13.8, p <.001] and the cultural competence components of cultural awareness [t (285) = 12.9, p <.001, 95%], knowledge [t (285) = 9.5, p <.001, 95%], and skills [t (286) = 13.3, p <.001, 95%]. Interprofessional education learning opportunities that integrate socialization with health professional students and cultural humility education can improve educational awareness of cultural values and communication for collaborative professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the intellectual virtues in the context of online search. Intellectual virtues are dispositions and skills that enable good thinking and wise reasoning, such as intellectual humility and attentiveness. Despite their importance, today the intellectual virtues tend to be underdeveloped across society. In light of the institutional role that online search plays in life today, there is an opportunity (perhaps an obligation) for online search to facilitate the development of intellectual virtue. The framework presented in this paper locates this development in three areas: the Searcher, the System, and Society. Major issues in information ethics and virtue epistemology are discussed for each of these areas, leading to recommendations for education, design, and research. This paper provides specific suggestions in this regard along with an agenda for future research at the intersection of ethics, epistemology, and online search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for information on the web has become an essential task in our society. This article presents a preregistered experimental study that investigates how the knowledge dimension (conceptual, procedural) and relevance of displaying spatiotemporal changes (high, low) for a given search task affect searchers' preference for different resource modalities (websites, videos). Additionally, effects of source reputation (high, low) were examined. Participants were confronted with 16 learning tasks and respective mock‐up video or website search results and had to indicate the likelihood of selecting the respective search results. The learning tasks varied regarding their knowledge dimension and their degree of spatiotemporal changes. Search results varied regarding source reputation and resource modality. Study results showed that search results with low source reputation were more likely to be selected when they were video results as compared to website results. Furthermore, for learning tasks with a high degree of spatiotemporal changes, a preference for videos over website results was found, while a low degree of spatiotemporal changes did not lead to modality preferences. To conclude, both knowledge dimension and degree of visuospatial changes of learning tasks seem to be promising classifications to consider for understanding users' source and modality selection during web‐based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The use of nutrients and food supplements is increasing worldwide. Nutrients and food supplements frequently used in the surgical period may cause complications and side effects. This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge about sixty-one nutrients and food supplements among doctors and nurses working in surgical clinics. Design: A multicentre descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted between 15 February and 31 May 2022 with a total of 410 participants, including 143 doctors and 267 nurses, working in the surgical clinics of 8 hospitals, including public, university and private hospitals, within the borders of one province in Turkey. Data were collected face-to-face using a questionnaire developed by the researchers, which included descriptive characteristics of the doctors and nurses and questions about sixty-one nutrients and food supplements. Results: The median overall success score of the doctors and nurses participating in the study regarding the use of nutrients and food supplements was 3.20 out of 100 points, the median success score of complications and side effects of nutrients and food supplements in the surgical period was 7.06 out of 33 points, the median success score for discontinuation of nutrients and food supplements prior to surgery was 0.21 out of 16 points, and the median success score for drug interactions of nutrients and food supplements was 1.70 out of 51 points. In addition, it was found that the overall success scores of doctors and nurses regarding nutrients and food supplements increased statistically significantly with increasing age and working years. The total success score of doctors and nurses who received training in nutrients and food supplements was statistically significantly higher than that of doctors and nurses who did not receive training. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the level of knowledge of nutrients and food supplements among doctors and nurses working in surgical clinics was less than half or even close to zero. Therefore, it is recommended that training on nutrients and food supplements should be included in the undergraduate and postgraduate education of doctors and nurses in order to prevent complications, side effects, drug interactions and patient safety related to the use of nutrients and food supplements in the surgical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal teaching observations not only have an essential role in the visibility of teaching and learning but also allow for constructive, critical feedback for improvement. In both nursing and teaching, there is an emphasis on the need for efficient, regular reflective practice; this not to identify negative aspects but to transform professional practice. This article provides a personal insight into formal teaching observations, and themes arising from them of motivation, the teacher's voice, the use of abbreviations and acronyms and the use of exemplars, using a critical reflective approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the context of healthcare, satisfaction is the attainment of adequate or acceptable treatment and serves as both a benchmark for quality and the ultimate objective of providing care. In neonatal care facilities, parent satisfaction is a key measure of the quality of the services offered to the newborns and aids in improving healthcare delivery. This is the first systematic review aiming to address critical knowledge gaps regarding factors influencing parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care unit services, and determine pooled prevalence in Ethiopia. Methods: After comprehensive systematic search for full texts in the English language through an electronic web-based search strategy from databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, African Journals Online, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, included a total of 8 articles. Checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the studies' quality of methodology. STATA version 14 software for windows was used for all statistical analyses and meta-analysis was done using a random-effects method. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to clarify the source of heterogeneity. Results: Pooled national level of parents' satisfaction with neonatal intensive unit service was 57.87% (95% CI (49.99, 65.75%)). Age of respondents and availability of chair were significantly associated with parents' satisfaction with neonatal intensive unit service. Conclusions and recommendation: In our review we found that nearly half of parents expressed dissatisfaction with neonatal intensive unit service, which is high. Age of respondents and availability of chair in neonatal intensive unit waiting area were significantly associated with neonatal intensive unit service. Efforts to enhance parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive unit services are crucial, given that nearly half of parents reported dissatisfaction. Necessary infrastructure should be fulfilled to increase parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive unit service. (PROSPERO) International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42023483474 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed to characterize phlebitis in adults in a clinical hospitalization sector, in terms of incidence, related factors and grade. Method: This is a cohort carried out in a clinical hospitalization department of a philanthropic hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study included adults over 18 years old, hospitalized and using peripheral venous access; the invitation was made to each patient on their first day of hospitalization and those who accepted signed the informed consent form (ICF), were included, and evaluated daily for the occurrence of phlebitis, as well as its characteristics. A total of 49 people participated in the research, with a mean age of 61.29 years (sd: 20.692), mostly women (69.39%), white (65.30%). Results: The incidence of phlebitis was 28.56%; age over 60 years (p=0.004) and use of anticoagulants (p=0.025) increased the risk of developing phlebitis. The use of intravenous anti-inflammatory drugs (p=0.008) was related to reduce the amount of phlebitis. Conclusion: It was concluded that the incidence of phlebitis was related to age and use of anticoagulants; intravenous anti-inflammatory medications appear to be a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Health Organization and American Academy of Paediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with complementary solid foods for up to 2 years and beyond. Despite the well-established importance of breastfeeding, Irish rates remain the lowest in Europe. Healthcare professionals' breastfeeding knowledge and skills have a positive impact on increasing breastfeeding rates. There is limited evidence of the knowledge, attitudes or practices of general practitioners (GPs) and general practice nurses (GPNs), which is essential to breastfeeding in Ireland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of GPs and GPNs in one community healthcare organisation (CHO) in Ireland. A co-designed evaluation study was used following low-risk ethical exemption (LS-LR-22-161). A modified version of a validated breastfeeding questionnaire was developed. A Project Steering Committee was established that included patient, and public involvement stakeholders. The anonymised survey was distributed via online Qualtrics platform (November 2022–February 2023). STROBE Guidelines were utilised. The overall response rate was 25.9% (n  = 121) and valid responses were reported in the article. The total population size was n  = 468 (GPs n  = 290 and GPNs n  = 178). Our pilot study identified that 42.7% (n  = 47/110) of respondents never attended a breastfeeding education programme, and 53.9% (n  = 55/102) identified that their knowledge could be improved. The majority of respondents, 92.9% (n  = 92/99) wish to complete further education in breastfeeding. The results of this pilot study in one CHO in Ireland indicate a gap in knowledge and a need for specific breastfeeding and lactation theoretical and skills training for GPs and GPNs working in primary care to support, promote and protect breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments have adopted unprecedented measures to assist in slowing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, but compliance varies among individuals. This UK study uses latent profile analysis to identify four classes of individuals on factors believed to influence compliance. Those who sought health information from authoritative sources and actively sought information from multiple sources were most compliant. Profile differences in compliance and vaccination status were also primarily driven by trust in healthcare institutions over trust in government. These findings contribute to understanding compliance profiles and emphasise the importance of authoritative information and trust in healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late Middle Ages witnessed a recapitulation of medieval reflection on beauty. Jean Gerson is an important representative of these philosophical and theological contributions, although he has been largely neglected up to this time. A first dimension of his ideas on beauty is the incorporation of beauty (pulchrum) into the number of transcendentals, i.e., the concepts "convertible" with the notion of being (ens), that is, unity, truth, and goodness (unum, verum and bonum). This article revisits Monica Calma's study on Gerson's theory of beauty and suggests new hypothetical sources that may have inspired this aspect of his thought. The second aspect emphasised here is Gerson's classification of beauty, which entails some similarities to the one of Ulrich of Strasbourg, but also differs from it. Moreover, its incorporation of a division entirely devoted to artistic beauty is highly remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does God intervene in our lives? In this paper, I respond "yes" and work out a Thomistic account of special divine action in human life. I argue that God intensifies His action in moments that are particularly significant for our salvation. In such moments, God intervenes in a contingent mode and reorients our lives for the sake of our final good. First, I present Aquinas' terminological choice of specialis and intervenire and address concerns expressed in the contemporary divine action debate against the term "intervention". Second, I discuss the special divine action as a subtype of the special providence that rules over human beings. The special providence mirrors the special place of humans in the created order on account of their reason and freedom. Third, I show that divine interventions occur through irregular contingency. I refer to several interventions: test, habitual grace, God's moving of the will, God's enlightenment of the intellect, and punishment. Since it occurs contingently, the special divine action can be known through interpreting signs (a kind of conjectural knowledge). Fourth, I show that not all contingencies are divine interventions. To differentiate between them, I introduce an orientational criterion of interpretation: the transfiguration of a person's life toward her final good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors trialed a mobile application, DiabetesXcel, which included type 2 diabetes–focused educational videos and modules, in 50 adults of Bronx, NY, a region with a high prevalence of diabetes and diabetes complications. From baseline to 4 months and from baseline to 6 months, there was significantly improved quality of life, self-management, knowledge, self-efficacy, depression, A1C, and LDL cholesterol among those who used DiabetesXcel. There was also a significant decrease in diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospital admissions from baseline to 6 months. This study demonstrates that DiabetesXcel could be beneficial for type 2 diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to generate novel ideas, known as divergent thinking, depends on both semantic knowledge and episodic memory. Semantic knowledge and episodic memory are known to interact to support memory decisions, but how they may interact to support divergent thinking is unknown. Moreover, it is debated whether divergent thinking relies on spontaneous or controlled retrieval processes. We addressed these questions by examining whether divergent thinking ability relates to interactions between semantic knowledge and different episodic memory processes. Participants completed the alternate uses task of divergent thinking, and completed a memory task in which they searched for target objects in schema-congruent or schema-incongruent locations within scenes. In a subsequent test, participants indicated where in each scene the target object had been located previously (i.e., spatial accuracy test), and provided confidence-based recognition memory judgments that indexed distinct episodic memory processes (i.e., recollection, familiarity, and unconscious memory) for the scenes. We found that higher divergent thinking ability—specifically in terms of the number of ideas generated—was related to (1) more of a benefit from recollection (a controlled process) and unconscious memory (a spontaneous process) on spatial accuracy and (2) beneficial differences in how semantic knowledge was combined with recollection and unconscious memory to influence spatial accuracy. In contrast, there were no effects with respect to familiarity (a spontaneous process). These findings indicate that divergent thinking is related to both controlled and spontaneous memory processes, and suggest that divergent thinking is related to the ability to flexibly combine semantic knowledge with episodic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: From the time of diagnosis, breast cancer survivors' physical activity (PA) tends to decline, which is accentuated during treatment because of side effects such as fatigue, depression, decreased muscle mass, and treatment toxicity. The My Active Health Retreat has been created to provide community-based support for breast cancer survivors to engage in a healthy lifestyle and educate about health matters. This qualitative study explores participants' perspectives and past, present, and future experiences regarding the workshops offered during the My Active Health retreat. Materials and Methods: My Active Health retreat has been designed to provide strategies to engage in a physically active lifestyle. Participants who consented to be part of this qualitative study filled out a questionnaire to provide their experiences and perspectives of the retreat. Themes were generated to help understand the participants' views about their experiences with the workshop's content in the retreat. Results: The participants were 21 women (mean age of 54.5 years) who filled out the post-retreat questionnaire. Workshops on yoga, meditation, exercise, and walking were highly praised for reducing stress and anxiety and promoting mindfulness. The importance of social contact in alleviating survivors' feelings of isolation was emphasized. The participants expressed their intention to incorporate the knowledge from the retreat into their daily lives. Conclusions: This study provides significant insights that can guide the development of content in health retreats focused on PA for breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of donated expressed breast milk (DBM) is encouraged in South Africa, with donor milk banks and legislated policies and programmes available in hospitals serving populations with a high HIV prevalence. Concerns over poor attitudes amongst mothers towards DBM seem to persist. A cross-sectional mixed-methods approach was used in a cohort of mothers of neonates in a regional hospital. Between April 2021 and January 2022, survey data on knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards DBM was collected. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were thematically analysed. Comparative analysis using independent sample t-tests and logistic regression to determine differences in variables and to understand associations related to knowledge was conducted. A total of 163 mothers with a mean (SD) age of 27.1 ± 6.3 years were included; 49.7% of mothers had post-high-school qualifications, 82.8% were unemployed and 87.0% received social security. Some 64.4% had inadequate knowledge of DBM. Awareness of DBM had the strongest association with better knowledge concerning DBM and AdjOR (25.25 95% CI 10.60–68.40; p < 0.001). Negative attitudes towards DBM were largely driven by a lack of knowledge regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening of donor mothers and fears of HIV transmission when using DBM. Lack of awareness concerning DBM was associated with poor knowledge of DBM, which may drive poor uptake of this critical nutritional source for at-risk neonates. Implementing targeted awareness programmes on DBM, which begin in the antenatal period and specifically address HIV screening of donor mothers, could address the poor uptake of DBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we examine the relationship between citizenship pressure and knowledge hiding, exploring the underlying mechanism between the two through citizenship fatigue and supervisor-subordinate guanxi. Two three-wave sets of data were collected and analyzed with PROCESS. Study 1 revealed that employees' perceived pressure to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can lead them to experience citizenship fatigue and to seek to conserve resources through deceptively hiding knowledge (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb). However, rationalized hiding will not be adopted by employees as a strategy to reserve resources under citizenship pressure. Supervisor-subordinate guanxi also serves as a reverse moderator, in that high guanxi mitigates the direct impact of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the indirect impact of citizenship pressure on evasive hiding and playing dumb through citizenship fatigue. Study 2 replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 by considering the negative affect as a potential mediator and the leader-member exchange (LMX) as a potential moderator. The findings show that citizenship pressure has a positive effect on evasive hiding and playing dumb through the mediating role of citizenship fatigue; and supervisor-subordinate guanxi negatively moderates the positive effect of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the mediating effect of citizenship fatigue, whereas LMX has no significant moderating effect on these linkages. This research advances our understanding of the "dark side" of OCB and enriches knowledge hiding studies by introducing a new predictor about extra-role work stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scoping review of peer-reviewed academic literature on career interest measures for the African adolescents was conducted. The aim was to determine current knowledge and future research. Measuring learners' career interests during high school is imperative to promote a positive start to their career trajectory. A sample of 10 articles (2012–2022) from four databases was analysed. The results indicate that research is lacking and conducted mainly by one author utilising the Career Interest Profile, Maree Career Matrix and Career Adapt-Abilities Scale – South African Form. Integrative approaches, mixing methodologies and referencing the unique African context in measurement were common characteristics of studies. It is concluded that more research should be conducted on African adolescents to develop context-sensitive career interest measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of fasting during the month of Ramadan is an obligation for healthy Muslims and involves abstaining from food and drinks from dawn to dusk for 29–30 consecutive days annually. With changes in dietary and lifestyle patterns, healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a significant role in supporting Muslims health during Ramadan. In this scoping review, we employed a systematic approach to map existing literature on HCPs' knowledge, attitude, practices, and perspectives working with Muslims who fast during Ramadan in Western countries. Our aim was to identify research gaps and opportunities for improving healthcare services for Muslims during Ramadan. Literature searches were generated through multiple scientific literature databases, including Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase and reviewed following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. From the eight sources included in this review, it was found that HCPs' knowledge of Ramadan fasting practices vary, with many lacking adequate knowledge. While HCPs recognize potential health complications, adjustments to medications for fasting patients, especially those with diabetes, are often neglected. Challenges in care included language barriers, limited cultural training, and resource awareness. Strategies identified to address barriers include reducing language barriers, providing resources in relevant languages, and enhancing cultural competence training. Further research is required on HCPs' knowledge providing care to Muslims during Ramadan, cultural competency training impact, and diverse healthcare interventions for fasting Muslims. Addressing these gaps may enhance culturally safe care and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important cause of stunting is limited consumption of complementary foods, in terms of both quantities and nutrients. Although existing studies show a positive association between fathers' engagement and children's diet, programmes designed to improve complementary feeding practices often only target mothers. In response to this, maternal behaviour change communication (BCC), paternal BCC and food voucher programmes were designed and implemented in Ethiopia using a clustered randomized controlled trial design. The paternal BCC programme included gender‐equal messages to increase fathers' participation in childcare, household labour and decision making. The research reported in this paper is an examination of the BCC programmes, characterizing the behavioural, normative and control beliefs of both mothers and fathers in BCC households compared to those in control households. In this study, a total of 40 participants were included, with 13 mother–father pairs in the BCC + food voucher group, and seven pairs in the control group. Each participant was interviewed separately. We found that BCC mothers showed more gender‐equal tendencies than the control mothers despite being more rural in location. By contrast, the beliefs of BCC and control fathers were similar overall, suggesting men are more resistant to gender‐equal BCC. More work is needed to develop and test effective methods for changing fathers' beliefs and practices. Key messages: Mothers in behaviour change communication (BCC) group mothers held more gender‐equal beliefs than control mothers, while BCC and control fathers shared similar views, suggesting a male resistance to gender equality.Mothers found fathers' involvement in childcare socially acceptable but often perceived them as inexperienced, which limited their participation.Control mothers' traditional view on household chores maintained the conventional labour division, influencing fathers' involvement.Fathers typically resisted maternal control of resources; however, they agreed that the more knowledgeable should lead decision‐making. BCC mothers showed greater confidence in making household decisions as effectively as fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation is a fundamental numerical ability that emerges early in development and is linked to children's learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in the precision of magnitude representations. This study recruited preschool-aged children with autism spectrum condition (N = 70; 64 boys, M age = 5.20 years) and without autism spectrum condition (N = 117; 63 boys, M age = 5.11 years), and tested their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task (dot comparison). Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition, regardless of the congruency between numerosity and surface area of dots. Moreover, the lower numerical comparison accuracy was observed even controlling for multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities. In addition, the variability of the comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation (e.g. presenting the number of a collection of objects) is a fundamental numerical ability presented since early infancy and is correlated with children's later learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in precision of magnitude representations. This study compared preschool children with and without autism spectrum condition in their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task, in which children compared two sets of dots without counting and chose the set with more dots. Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition. This difference existed even when multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities were statistically controlled. Moreover, the individual difference of the numerical comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. In addition, the large variance in the precision of their magnitude representation suggests that individualized mathematics interventions are needed for children with autism spectrum condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child welfare jurisdictions implement practices designed to improve child outcomes. Three federally funded Child Welfare Capacity Building Centers provide technical assistance (TA) to jurisdictions to support implementation of practice improvements. The aim of this study was to understand implementation progress among jurisdictions served by the Centers. Analyses indicate (1) amount of TA was positively associated with achievement of implementation milestones; (2) jurisdictions with higher levels of foundational capacity were more likely to achieve milestones; and (3) coaching was associated with faster milestone achievement. Methodological limitations and implications for future evaluations of TA in child welfare are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the provision of evidence-based psychological therapies for the treatment of psychosis in a large Australian mental health service; and to explore the barriers and facilitators to providing these therapies. Mixed-methods study including: 1) a retrospective audit of 100 clients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder to estimate adherence to guideline recommended psychological therapies; and 2) a cross-sectional survey of community based mental health practitioners, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, to understand the barriers and facilitators to delivering psychological therapies to clients with psychosis. Twenty-five percent (25/100) of the audited sample engaged with psychological services. Of those who did, two received the recommended dose of evidence-based therapy. Thirty-three percent (37/112) of mental health practitioners completed the survey. Barriers to the delivery of psychological therapies related to perceived lack of knowledge, skills, and confidence with the therapies, and beliefs about who will (and will not) benefit. Other barriers included lack of time, demanding caseloads, and a culture of risk and crisis management. People with psychosis have poor access to evidence-based psychological therapies. The barriers to providing psychological therapies are multifactorial and should be systematically addressed to improve health and quality of life outcomes for people living with psychosis. Abbreviations: CBT: Cognitive behaviour therapy; CBTp: cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis; CRT: cognitive remediation therapy; FIp: family intervention for psychosis; PORT: Patient Outcomes Research Team; RANZCP: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists; NICE: UK National Institute of Clinical Excellence; TDF: The Theoretical Domains Framework; HoNos: Health of the Nation Scale; EBPIs: Evidence Based Psychological Interventions; ACT: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. What is already known about this topic: Clinical practice guidelines for the past two decades have recommended psychological interventions be routinely offered to clients with psychosis. There exists a substantial and widely acknowledged evidence-practice gap concerning the implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions for psychosis within public mental health services. Despite knowledge of effective interventions, the translation into clinical practice continues to fall short. Barriers to the provision of evidence-based psychological interventions for psychosis are evident at various levels, including challenges among staff, service recipients and organisational culture. These factors collectively impede the translation of evidence-based psychological interventions into routine psychosis care. What this topic adds: Identifying and understanding local structural, cultural, resourcing, and attitudinal barriers, while emphasising enablers, becomes essential. This understanding forms the foundation for enhancing access to evidence-based psychological interventions, ultimately elevating the quality of care outcomes for people with psychosis. To foster equitable access and awareness of evidence-based psychological interventions for psychosis, initiatives such as increased staff training, service redesign emphasising the value of psychological interventions, improved referral processes, advocacy, role clarification for clinicians, and enhanced supervision opportunities are crucial. These multifaceted strategies collectively may contribute to a more informed and effective approach to evidence-based psychological interventions for psychosis, promoting optimism and treatment choice. Once local structural, cultural, resourcing, and attitudinal factors are recognised and understood targeted improvements in service delivery for psychosis can be strategically implemented, aligning with the unique dynamics of the local context and care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]